Topic 4.6: Internal Boundaries

Voting Districts, Redistricting, and Gerrymandering

The Redistricting Lab

Population: 15 Blue (60%), 10 Red (40%)

Winner
Blue Wins
Blue Districts 3
Red Districts 2

Boundaries follow logical lines. Results match the population (60% Blue, 40% Red).

How to Steal an Election

🔨

Cracking (Dilution)

Spreading opposition voters across many districts so they never have a majority in any of them. Their votes are "wasted" as minorities.

📦

Packing (Concentration)

Concentrating opposition voters into a single district to allow them to win huge there, but lose everywhere else. "Sacrifice one to win four."

Real-Life "Hall of Shame"

Famous examples of odd district shapes.

Illinois 4th ("The Earmuffs")

Connects two distinct Hispanic neighborhoods in Chicago using a thin strip of highway.
Reason: Created a "Majority-Minority" district to ensure Latino representation (Voting Rights Act).

Maryland 3rd ("The Praying Mantis")

Often cited as one of the most gerrymandered districts in the US.
Reason: Partisan Gerrymandering designed to pack/crack Republicans to ensure a Democrat win.

North Carolina 12th ("The Snake")

Historically snaked along I-85 for 100+ miles.
Reason: Originally drawn to gather African American voters; later defended as a partisan gerrymander.

Texas 2nd ("The Crenshaw District")

Wraps around Houston in a thin 'C' shape.
Reason: Designed to pick up specific suburban voters while avoiding urban centers.

Key Vocabulary

Voting District

A geographical area represented by a seat or seat(s) in a legislative body.

Redistricting

The process of drawing electoral district boundaries in the United States, usually done every 10 years after the census.